After the course the student should be able to
- - use the basics of fluvial flows and tidal dynamics.
- - understand the dynamics of atmospheric , fluvial or marine boundary layers
- - understand the meteorological forcing and its variability
- - estimate the wind, the fluvial or tidal energy potential of a particular site or region
- - make the distinction between the amount of energy and the power available
- quantify the resource’s availability and its variability
Eligibility/Pre-requisites:
Basic knowledge in fluid mechanics, Bernoulli and Navier-Stokes equations.
Course main content:
The course is divided in three blocs dedicated to hydro , wind and marine resources.
1. 1 Introduction
- Economical, environmental and political issues
- Various units of energy, primary and final energy, capacity of some power plants
1. 2 Hydroelectric resource
- Water cycle, potential temperature, precipitations
- Gravitational energy: resource and energy
- Conventional dam: principle, efficiency, power capacity, capacity factor
- The mean total head H, head loss, maximum flow rate and power
- Environmental impact and carbon budget of hydroelectric power plants
2. Laboratory demonstration (ENSTA)
Observations and quantification of free surface channel flows, fluvial-torrential transition, efficiency of small hydro-dam. Data analysis and personal homework.
3. Fluvial hydraulics
- Flow regimes, Froude number
- Hydraulic load of a free surface flow
- Fluvial-torrential transition
- Hydraulic jump, dissipation
- Energy and momentum conservation
- Run of river electricity: principle, efficiency, power capacity, capacity factor
4. Basic Meteorology and wind resources
- Synoptic winds, global circulation
- local winds: sea breeze, mountain winds, …
- Wind variability, turbulence, Rayleigh decomposition
- Weibull distribution, wind spectra, turbulence intensity
5. Atmospheric or Oceanic boundary layers
- laminar boundary layer
- turbulent boundary layer, logarithmic law
- stable or unstable boundary layers
- wind or hydro measurements within the boundary layer
- On-site resource assessment
6. Wind or river turbines: Betz limits and turbines interactions
- The standard Betz law
- Betz law with a free surface
- Individual turbine wake and multiple turbines interaction
- On-site resource assessment
7. Laboratory demonstration (ENSTA)
Head loss of a free surface flow: fluvial and torrential regime, turbulent boundary layer, bottom roughness, logarithmic law. Data analysis and personal homework.
8. Tidal wave and tidal power
- History: first uses of tidal power
- Astronomical forcing
- Ocean response: Kelvin waves and tidal waves
- Bay or estuary resonance: shallow-water model
- Impact of bottom friction
- Tidal power plant: principle, efficiency, power capacity
- Environmental impact of tidal power plants
9. Tidal currents and tidal turbine
- Tidal turbine: an emerging market
- Tidal currents: variability, coastal amplification, tidal ellipses
- French and UK resources
- Bottom friction and boundary layer profile, turbine wake
- Tidal turbine: principle, efficiency, power capacity, strengths and drawbacks.
Examination and requirements for final grade:
The final grade is a combination of the reports from the laboratory sessions and a 3h individual examination with exercises (open book exam).
Langue du cours : Anglais
Credits ECTS : 4
- Profesor: Billant Paul
- Profesor: Stegner Alexandre